QHCSIM USERS GUIDE

QHCSIM is an extended period simulator for hydraulics and water quality
within pressurized pipe networks. A network can consist of pipes, nodes
(pipe junctions), pumps, and storage tanks or reservoirs. QHCSIM tracks
the flow in each pipe, the pressure at each node, the height of water
in each tank, and the concentration of a contaminant at each node during
each hour of a multiperiod simulation. The syntax for running QHCSIM is:

        QHCSIM  infile  outfile

where infile is the name of an input data file and outfile is the name of 
an output file. 

Each line of the input file consists of a keyword in capital letters
followed by one or more data values as required by the keyword. The
keywords and their required data values are as follows:

TITLE   <text of title for the problem >

NODE    <id number (less than 10000)>
        <x map coordinate of node (not used in this version of QHCSIM)>
        <y map coordinate of node (not used in this version of QHCSIM)>
        <elevation, ft>
        <initial concentration of contaminant at node, mass/L>
        <base demand flow at node (negative for source flow), gpm>
        <concentration of source flow, if any, mass/L>

PIPE    <id number (less than 10000)>
        <id number of node where pipe begins>
        <id number of node where pipe end>
        <pipe diameter, in>
        <pipe length, ft>
        <Hazen-Williams coefficient>
        <growth rate coefficient (negative for decay rate), 1/hr>

TANK    <id number of node where tank is located>
        <cross-sectional area, sq ft (0 if tank is a surface reservoir)>
        <minimum allowable water level in tank, ft>
        <maximum allowable water level in tank, ft>
        <initial water level in tank, ft>
        <growth/decay rate coefficient within tank, 1/hr>

PUMP    <id number for pump (less than 10000)>
        <id number of node at suction side of pump>
        <id number of node at discharge side of pump>
        <pump status (1 = on, 0 = off)>
        The following 3 data items refer to the coefficients
        of the pump characteristic curve: H = A*Q**2 + B*Q + C.
        <A-coeffcient of pump curve>
        <B-coeffcient of pump curve>
        <C-coeffcient of pump curve>

CONTROL <id number for pump>
        <time period when pump is turned on>
        <time period when pump is turned off>

CONTROL <id number of pump>
        <id number of tank>
        <tank level (ft) below which pump is turned on>
        <tank level (ft) above which pump is turned off>

CONTROL <id number of pump>
        <id number of node>
        <node pressure (psi) below which pump is turned on>
        <node pressure (psi) above which pump is turned off>

USAGE   <a time period (from 1 to 24)>
        <base demand multiplier for time period>
        <base demand multiplier for time period + 1>
        etc.

DURATION  <number of time period (hrs) to be simulated (default = 1)>

REACTION  <reaction rate coefficient (1/hr) for entire network>

TOLERANCES      <zero flow tolerance (default = 5 gpm)>
                <zero head tolerance (default = .01 ft)>
                <zero time tolerance (default = 5 min)>

The three types of CONTROLs allow pumps to be turned on or off by
time period, by water level in a tank, or by pressure level at a node.
The multipliers on the USAGE input multiply all of the base demand
flows in the network for the specified time period. A variable number
of multipliers may appear on the USAGE line. The flow, head, and time 
tolerances are used to decide when each of these quantities can be
considered equal to zero. 

There must be at least 2 NODEs in an input file, at least 1 PIPE and
1 TANK (fixed grade elevation). The remaining keyword types are
optional. The keyword lines may be entered in any order.

At the end of each time period simulated, the output file records
the following information at each node of the network:

        elevation, ft
        outflow, gpm
        total head, ft
        pressure, psi
        concentration, mass/L

and the following information for each pipe:

        beginning node
        ending node
        diameter, in
        length, ft
        flow, gpm
        velocity, ft/sec
        travel time, min

This evaluation version of QHCSIM contains the following limitations:

        1. No error checking of the input data is provided.
        2. Water levels in tanks are adjusted only at the end of each
           hour of the simulation. A more accurate hydraulic simulation
           might require more frequent updating of tank levels and thus
           more frequent solutions of the network hydraulic equations.
        3. The program can accomodate 100 nodes, 200 pipes, 10 tanks,
           and up to 50 pump control rules. For contaminant routing, a
           pipe can be divided into at most 50 volume segments.

                                                            L. Rossman
                                                            US EPA - RREL
                                                            10/18/91


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